منابع مشابه
Selection Bias
data in Haneuse et al. [1] . The risk ratio of dementia by exposure in the total target population is 2.0, and is the true association (there is no confounding in our simple DAG; fig. 1 ). Table 1 shows the expected distribution by exposure and outcome by strata of dead/alive under the following assumptions: half of the population dies; there is a risk ratio of death for the exposed compared to...
متن کاملTarget selection bias transfers across different response actions.
Target selection is biased by recent experience. For example, a selected target feature may be stored in memory and bias selection on future trials, such that objects matching that feature are "primed" for selection. In the present study, we examined the role of action history in selection biases. Participants searched for a uniquely colored object. Pretrial cues indicated whether participants ...
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Response or Selection Bias? To the Editor: Pristipino et al1 found that, compared with white patients in Italy, Japanese patients with myocardial infarction had a 3-fold-greater incidence of coronary spasm and a vasoconstrictive response to acetylcholine. The authors conclude that these “major racial differences in the coronary constrictor response{warrant further investigations because they ma...
متن کاملA structural approach to selection bias.
The term "selection bias" encompasses various biases in epidemiology. We describe examples of selection bias in case-control studies (eg, inappropriate selection of controls) and cohort studies (eg, informative censoring). We argue that the causal structure underlying the bias in each example is essentially the same: conditioning on a common effect of 2 variables, one of which is either exposur...
متن کاملSelection Bias, Label Bias, and Bias in Ground Truth
Language technology is biased toward English newswire. In POS tagging, we get 97–98 words right out of a 100 in English newswire, but results drop to about 8 out of 10 when running the same technology on Twitter data. In dependency parsing, we are able to identify the syntactic head of 9 out of 10 words in English newswire, but only 6–7 out of 10 in tweets. Replace references to Twitter with re...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Canadian Medical Association Journal
سال: 2017
ISSN: 0820-3946,1488-2329
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.732964